Publications by Jorma Laaksonen

2011

169Mats Sjöberg, Satoru Ishikawa, Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. PicSOM experiments in TRECVID 2011. In Proceedings of the TRECVID 2011 Workshop, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, December 2011. Available online at http://www-nlpir.nist.gov/projects/tvpubs/tv.pubs.org.html.
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168Jorma Laaksonen and Timo Honkela, editors. Proceedings of 8th International Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps (WSOM 2011), volume LNCS 6731 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer, June 2011.
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167He Zhang, Teemu Ruokolainen, Jorma Laaksonen, Christina Hochleitner, and Rudolf Traunmüller. Gaze- and speech-enhanced content-based image retrieval in image tagging. In Proceedings of 21st International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2011), Espoo, Finland, 2011.
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166He Zhang, Eimontas Augilius, Timo Honkela, Jorma Laaksonen, Hannes Gamper, and Henok Alene. Analyzing emotional semantics of abstract art using low-level image features. In Proceedings of 10th International Symposium on Intelligent Data Analysis (IDA 2011). Springer, 2011.
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165He Zhang, Mats Sjöberg, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. A multimodal information collector for content-based image retrieval system. In Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP 2011). Springer, 2011.
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164Mats Sjöberg and Jorma Laaksonen. Analysing the structure of semantic concepts in visual databases. In Jorma Laaksonen and Timo Honkela, editors, Advances in Self-Organizing Maps, volume 6731 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 338–347. Springer, 2011.
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163Timo Honkela, Jorma Laaksonen, Hannele Törrö, and Juhani Tenhunen. Media map: A multilingual document map with a design interface. In Proceedings of 8th International Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps (WSOM 2011), Espoo, Finland, 2011.
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162Matti Karppa, Tommi Jantunen, Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, and Ville Viitaniemi. Method for visualisation and analysis of hand and head movements in sign language video. In Proceedings of the 2nd Gesture and Speech in Interaction conference (GESPIN 2011), Bielefeld, Germany, 2011. Available online as http://coral2.spectrum.uni-bielefeld.de/gespin2011/final/Jantunen.pdf.
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2010

161Nobuo Matsuda, Jorma Laaksonen, Fumiaki Tajima, Naoki Miyatake, and Hideaki Sato. Fundus image analysis using subspace classifier and its performance. In Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and 11th International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems, December 2010.
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160Ville Viitaniemi, Mats Sjöberg, Markus Koskela, and Jorma Laaksonen. Concept-based video search with the PicSOM multimedia retrieval system. Technical Report TKK-ICS-R39, Aalto University School of Science and Technology, Department of Information and Computer Science, Espoo, Finland, December 2010.
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159Mats Sjöberg, Markus Koskela, Milen Chechev, and Jorma Laaksonen. PicSOM experiments in TRECVID 2010. In Proceedings of the TRECVID 2010 Workshop, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, November 2010. Available online at http://www-nlpir.nist.gov/projects/tvpubs/tv.pubs.org.html.
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158Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Region matching techniques for spatial bag of visual words based image category recognition. In Proceedings of 20th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2010), volume 6352 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 531–540, Thessaloniki, Greece, September 2010. Springer Verlag.
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157Mats Sjöberg, Markus Koskela, Ville Viitaniemi, and Jorma Laaksonen. PicSOM experiments in ImageCLEF RobotVision. In Devrim Ünay, Zehra Çataltepe, and Selim Aksoy, editors, Recognizing Patterns in Signals, Speech, Images and Videos, volume 6388 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 190–199, Istanbul, Turkey, August 2010. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg.
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156Mats Sjöberg, Markus Koskela, Ville Viitaniemi, and Jorma Laaksonen. Indoor location recognition using fusion of SVM-based visual classifiers. In Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Workshop on Machine Learning for Signal Processing, pages 343–348, Kittilä, Finland, August-September 2010.
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155Ville Viitaniemi, Mats Sjöberg, Markus Koskela, and Jorma Laaksonen. Automatic video search using semantic concepts. In Proceedings of 8th European Conference on Interactive TV and Video (EuroITV 2010), Tampere, Finland, June 2010.
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154Peter Auer, Zakria Hussain, Samuel Kaski, Arto Klami, Jussi Kujala, Jorma Laaksonen, Alex P. Leung, Kitsuchart Pasupa, and John Shawe-Taylor. Pinview: Implicit feedback in content-based image retrieval. In Proceedings of ICML Workshop on Reinforcement Learning and Search in Very Large Spaces, Haifa, Israel, June 2010.
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153Tommi Jantunen, Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, and Päivi Rainò. Towards automated visualization and analysis of signed language motion: Method and linguistic issues. In Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Speech Prosody, Chicago, Ill. (USA), May 2010.
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2009

152Antti Ajanki, Mark Billinghurst, Melih Kandemir, Samuel Kaski, Markus Koskela, Mikko Kurimo, Jorma Laaksonen, Kai Puolamäki, and Timo Tossavainen. Ubiquitous contextual information access with proactive retrieval and augmentation. Technical Report TKK-ICS-R27, Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Information and Computer Science, Espoo, Finland, December 2009.
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151Mats Sjöberg, Ville Viitaniemi, Markus Koskela, and Jorma Laaksonen. PicSOM experiments in TRECVID 2009. In Proceedings of the TRECVID 2009 Workshop, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, November 2009. Available online at http://www-nlpir.nist.gov/projects/tvpubs/tv.pubs.org.html.
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150Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Spatial extensions to bag of visual words. In Proceedings of ACM International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval (CIVR 2009), Fira, Greece, July 2009.
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149Nobuo Matsuda, Heizou Tokutaka, Jorma Laaksonen, Fumiaki Tajima, Naoki Miyatake, and Hideaki Sato. Spherical SOM and its application to fundus image analysis. Journal of Biomedical Fuzzy Systems Association, 11(1):29–34, June 2009. In Japanese.
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148Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Combining local feature histograms of different granularities. In Proceedings of 16th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis (SCIA 2009), volume 5575 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 636–645, Oslo, Norway, 2009. Springer Verlag.
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147Zhirong Yang and Jorma Laaksonen. Informative Laplacian projection. In Proceedings of 16th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis (SCIA 2009), volume 5575 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 359–368, Oslo, Norway, 2009. Springer Verlag.
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146Markus Koskela, Mats Sjöberg, and Jorma Laaksonen. Improving automatic video retrieval with semantic concept detection. In Proceedings of 16th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis (SCIA 2009), volume 5575 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 480–489, Oslo, Norway, 2009. Springer Verlag.
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145Mats Sjöberg and Jorma Laaksonen. Optimal combination of SOM search in best-matching units and map neighborhood. In Proceedings of 7th International Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps (WSOM 2009), volume 5629 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 281–289, St. Augustine, Florida, USA, 2009. Springer. Available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02397-2_32.
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144Philip Prentis, Mats Sjöberg, Markus Koskela, and Jorma Laaksonen. Image theft detection with self-organising maps. In Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2009), volume 5768 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 495–504, Limassol, Cyprus, 2009. Springer Verlag. Available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04274-4_52.
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143Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Representing images with distance based histograms of SIFT descriptors. In Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2009), volume 5768 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 636–645, Limassol, Cyprus, 2009. Springer Verlag.
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142Eero Kurimo, Leena Lepistö, Jarno Nikkanen, Juuso Grén, Iivari Kunttu, and Jorma Laaksonen. The effect of motion blur and signal noise on image quality in low light imaging. In Proceedings of 16th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis (SCIA 2009), volume 5575 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 81–90, Oslo, Norway, 2009. Springer Verlag.
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141Nobuo Matsuda, Jorma Laaksonen, Fumiaki Tajima, and Hideaki Sato. Classification of fundus images for diagnosing glaucoma by self-organizing map and learning vector quantization. In Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP 2008), volume 5507 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 703–710, Auckland, New Zealand, 2009. Springer Verlag.
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2008

140Markus Koskela, Mats Sjöberg, Ville Viitaniemi, and Jorma Laaksonen. PicSOM experiments in TRECVID 2008. In Proceedings of the TRECVID 2008 Workshop, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, November 2008. Available online at http://www-nlpir.nist.gov/projects/tvpubs/tv.pubs.org.html.
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139He Zhang, Markus Koskela, and Jorma Laaksonen. Report on forms of enriched relevance feedback. Technical Report TKK-ICS-R10, Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Information and Computer Science, Espoo, Finland, November 2008.
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138Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Evaluation of pointer click relevance feedback in PicSOM. Technical Report TKK-ICS-R11, Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Information and Computer Science, Espoo, Finland, November 2008.
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137Markus Koskela and Jorma Laaksonen. Specification of information interfaces in PinView. Technical Report TKK-ICS-R12, Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Information and Computer Science, Espoo, Finland, November 2008.
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136Jorma Laaksonen. Definition of enriched relevance feedback in PicSOM. Technical Report TKK-ICS-R13, Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Information and Computer Science, Espoo, Finland, November 2008.
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135Marcin Blachnik and Jorma Laaksonen. Image classification by histogram features created with learning vector quantization. In Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN'08), pages 827–836, September 2008.
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134Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Experiments on selection of codebooks for local image feature histograms. In Monica Sebillo, Giuliana Vitiello, and Gerald Schaefer, editors, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Visual Information Systems (VISUAL 2008), volume 5188 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 126–137, Salerno, Italy, September 2008. Springer Verlag.
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133Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Techniques for image classification, object detection and object segmentation. In Monica Sebillo, Giuliana Vitiello, and Gerald Schaefer, editors, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Visual Information Systems (VISUAL 2008), volume 5188 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 231–234, Salerno, Italy, September 2008. Springer.
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132Yrjö Rauste, Anne Lönnqvist, Matthieu Molinier, Heikki Ahola, Jaan Praks, Teemu Tares, Jorma Laaksonen, Kirsi Karila, and Mika Karjalainen. NewSAR project, final report 1.7.2006–31.5.2008. Technical Report VTT-R-05074-08, VTT, June 2008.
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131Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Techniques for image classification, object detection and object segmentation. Technical Report TKK-ICS-R2, Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Information and Computer Science, Espoo, Finland, June 2008.
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130Ville Viitaniemi, Mats Sjöberg, Markus Koskela, and Jorma Laaksonen. Exploiting temporal and inter-concept co-occurrence structure to detect high-level features in broadcast videos. In Proceedings of 9th International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (WIAMIS 2008), pages 12–15, Klagenfurt, Austria, May 2008.
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129Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, Tommi Jantunen, Ritva Takkinen, Päivi Rainò, and Antti Raike. Content-based video analysis and access for finnish sign language – a multidisciplinary research project. In Proceedings of 3rd Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages at 6th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2008), pages 101–104, Marrakech, Morocco, May-June 2008.
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128Matthieu Molinier, Ville Viitaniemi, Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, Yrjö Rauste, Anne Lönnqvist, and Tuomas Häme. Improving content-based target and change detection in Alos Palsar images with efficient feature selection. In Proceedings of ESA-EUSC 2008: Image Information Mining. ESA, March 2008.
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127Zhirong Yang and Jorma Laaksonen. Principal whitened gradient for information geometry. Neural Networks, 21(2-3):232–240, 2008.
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126Mats Sjöberg, Jorma Laaksonen, Timo Honkela, and Matti Pöllä. Inferring semantics from textual information in multimedia retrieval. Neurocomputing, 71(13–15):2576–2586, 2008.
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125Thomas Deselaers, Allan Hanbury, Ville Viitaniemi, Jason D. R. Farquhar, Mátyás Brendel, Bálint Daróczy, Hugo Jair Escalante Balderas, Theo Gevers, Carlos Arturo Hernández Gracidas, Steven C. H. Hoi, Jorma Laaksonen, Mingjing Li, Heidy Marisol Marin Castro, Hermann Ney, Xiaguang Rui, Nicu Sebe, Julian Stöttinger, and Lei Wu. Overview of the ImageCLEF 2007 object retrieval task. In Advances in Multilingual and Multimodal Information Retrieval, volume 5152 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 445–471, Budapest, Hungary, 2008. Springer.
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2007

124Zhirong Yang, Zhijian Yuan, and Jorma Laaksonen. Projective non-negative matrix factorization with applications to facial image processing. International Journal on Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 21(8):1353–1362, December 2007.
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123Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Improving the accuracy of global feature fusion based image categorisation. In Bianca Falcidieno, Michela Spagnuolo, Yannis S. Avrithis, Ioannis Kompatsiaris, and Paul Buitelaar, editors, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Semantic and Digital Media Technologies (SAMT 2007), volume 4669 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 1–14, Genova, Italy, December 2007. Springer.
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122Markus Koskela, Mats Sjöberg, Ville Viitaniemi, Jorma Laaksonen, and Philip Prentis. PicSOM experiments in TRECVID 2007. In Proceedings of the TRECVID 2007 Workshop, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, November 2007. Available online at http://www-nlpir.nist.gov/projects/tvpubs/tv.pubs.org.html.
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121Zhirong Yang and Jorma Laaksonen. Face recognition using Parzenfaces. In Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN'07), volume 4669 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 200–209, Porto, Portugal, September 2007. Springer.
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120Markus Koskela, Mats Sjöberg, Jorma Laaksonen, Ville Viitaniemi, and Hannes Muurinen. Rushes summarization with self-organizing maps. In Proceedings of the TRECVID Workshop on Video Summarization (TVS'07), pages 45–49, Augsburg, Germany, September 2007. ACM Press. Available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1290031.1290039.
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119Thomas Deselaers, Allan Hanbury, Ville Viitaniemi, Andr'as Bencz'ur, M'aty'as Brendel, B'alint Daróczy, Hugo Jair Escalante Balderas, Theo Gevers, Carlos Arturo Hern'andez Gracidas, Steven C. H. Hoi, Jorma Laaksonen, Mingjing Li, Heidy Marisol Marin Castro, Hermann Ney, Xiaoguang Rui, Nicu Sebe, Julian Stöttinger, and Lei Wu. Overview of the ImageCLEF 2007 Object Retrieval Task. In Working notes of the CLEF 2007 Workshop, Budapest, Hungary, September 2007.
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118Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Thoughts on evaluation of image retrieval inspired by ImageCLEF 2007 object retrieval task. In Proceedings of 3rd MUSCLE/ImageCLEF Workshop on Image and Video Retrieval Evaluation, Budapest, Hungary, September 2007. Available online at http://muscle.prip.tuwien.ac.at/.
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117Markus Koskela, Alan F. Smeaton, and Jorma Laaksonen. Measuring concept similarities in multimedia ontologies: Analysis and evaluations. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 9(5):912–922, August 2007.
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116Zhirong Yang and Jorma Laaksonen. Approximated geodesic updates with principal natural gradients. In Proceedings of The 2007 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2007), pages 1320–1325, Orlando, USA, August 2007.
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115Nobuo Matsuda, Jorma Laaksonen, Fumiaki Tajima, Naoki Miyatake, and Hideaki Sato. Comparison with observer appraisals of fundus images and diagnosis by using learning vector quantization. In Proceedings of the 23rd Fuzzy System Symposium, Nagoya, Japan, August 2007. Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics. In Japanese.
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114Matthieu Molinier, Jorma Laaksonen, Yrjö Rauste, and Tuomas Häme. Detecting changes in polarimetric SAR data with content-based image retrieval. In Proceedings of IEEE International Geoscience And Remote Sensing Symposium, Barcelona, Spain, July 2007. IEEE.
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113Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Evaluating the performance in automatic image annotation: example case by adaptive fusion of global image features. Signal Processing: Image Communications, 22(6):557–568, July 2007.
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112Zhirong Yang and Jorma Laaksonen. Regularized neighborhood component analysis. In Proceedings of 15th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis (SCIA), pages 253–262, Aalborg, Denmark, June 2007.
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111Hannes Muurinen and Jorma Laaksonen. Video segmentation and shot boundary detection using self-organizing maps. In Proceedings of 15th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis (SCIA 2007), pages 770–779, Aalborg, Denmark, June 2007.
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110Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Evaluating performance of automatic image annotation: example case by fusing global image features. In Proceedings of Fifth International Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing (CBMI 2007), pages 251–258, Bordeaux, France, June 2007.
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109Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Empirical investigations on benchmark tasks for automatic image annotation. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Visual Information Systems (VISUAL 2007), volume 4781 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 93–104. Springer, June 2007.
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108Matthieu Molinier, Jorma Laaksonen, and Tuomas Häme. Detecting man-made structures and changes in satellite imagery with a content-based information retrieval system built on self-organizing maps. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 45(4):861–874, April 2007.
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107Matthieu Molinier, Jorma Laaksonen, and Tuomas Häme. Change detection. GEO: connexion, 6(3):36–38, March 2007.
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106Zhirong Yang and Jorma Laaksonen. Multiplicative updates for non-negative projections. Neurocomputing, 71(1-3):363–373, 2007.
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105Jorma Laaksonen, Markus Koskela, Mats Sjöberg, Ville Viitaniemi, and Hannes Muurinen. Video summarization with SOMs. In Proceedings of the 6th Int. Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps (WSOM 2007), Bielefeld, Germany, 2007. Available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.2390/biecoll-wsom2007-143.
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104Matti Aksela and Jorma Laaksonen. Adaptive combination of adaptive classifiers for handwritten character recognition. Pattern Recognition Letters, 28(1):136–143, January 2007.
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103Ram=unas Girdziušas and Jorma Laaksonen. When is a discrete diffusion a scale-space?. In A. Shashua D. Metaxas, B. C. Vemuri and H. Shum, editors, Proceedings of 11th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, page 6. IEEE, 2007.
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102Ram=unas Girdziušas and Jorma Laaksonen. How marginal likelihood inference unifies entropy, correlation and snr-based stopping in nonlinear diffusion scale-spaces. In I. S. Kweon Y. Yagi, S. B. Kang and H. Zha, editors, Proceedings of 8th Asian Conference on Computer Vision, volume 4843 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 811–820. Springer, 2007.
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2006

101Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Use of image regions in context-adaptive image classification. In Yannis Avrithis, Steffen Staab, and Noel O'Connor, editors, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Semantic and Digital Media Technologies (SAMT 2006), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 169–183, Athens, Greece, December 2006. Springer.
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100Mats Sjöberg, Hannes Muurinen, Jorma Laaksonen, and Markus Koskela. PicSOM experiments in TRECVID 2006. In Proceedings of the TRECVID 2006 Workshop, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, November 2006. Available online at http://www-nlpir.nist.gov/projects/tvpubs/tv.pubs.org.html.
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99Matthieu Molinier, Jorma Laaksonen, and Tuomas Häme. Self-organising maps for change detection and monitoring of human activity in satellite imagery. In Proceedings of ESA-EUSC 2006: Image Information Mining for Security and Intelligence, Madrid, Spain, November 2006.
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98Jorma Laaksonen and Ville Viitaniemi. Emergence of ontological relations from visual data with self-organizing maps. In Timo Honkela, Tapani Raiko, Jukka Kortela, and Harri Valpola, editors, Proceedings of the 9th Scandinavian Conference on Artificial Intelligence (SCAI 2006), pages 31–38, Espoo, Finland, October 2006.
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97Zhirong Yang and Jorma Laaksonen. A fast fixed-point algorithm for two-class discriminative feature extraction. In Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2006), Part II, pages 330–339, Athens, Greece, September 2006. Springer.
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96Mats Sjöberg, Jorma Laaksonen, Matti Pöllä, and Timo Honkela. Retrieval of multimedia objects by combining semantic information from visual and textual descriptors. In Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2006), pages 75–83, Athens, Greece, September 2006. Springer. Available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11840930_8.
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95Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Techniques for still image scene classification and object detection. In Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2006), volume 2, pages 35–44, Athens, Greece, September 2006. Springer.
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94Matthieu Molinier, Jorma Laaksonen, and Tuomas Häme. A self-organizing map framework for detection of man-made structures and changes in satellite imagery. In Proceedings of IEEE International Geoscience And Remote Sensing Symposium, Denver, Colorado, August 2006. IEEE.
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93Markus Koskela and Jorma Laaksonen. Semantic concept detection from news videos with self-organizing maps. In Ilias Maglogiannis, Kostas Karpouzis, and Max Bramer, editors, Proceedings of 3rd IFIP Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations, pages 591–599, Athens, Greece, June 2006. IFIP, Springer.
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92Mats Sjöberg, Ville Viitaniemi, Jorma Laaksonen, and Timo Honkela. Analysis of semantic information available in an image collection augmented with auxiliary data. In Ilias Maglogiannis, Kostas Karpouzis, and Max Bramer, editors, Proceedings of 3rd IFIP Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations, pages 600–608, Athens, Greece, June 2006. IFIP, Springer. Available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-34224-9_70.
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91Mark Everingham, Andrew Zisserman, Christopher K. I. Williams, Luc Van Gool, Moray Allan, Christopher M. Bishop, Olivier Chapelle, Navneet Dalal, Thomas Deselaers, Gyuri Dorkó, Stefan Duffner, Jan Eichhorn, Jason D. R. Farquhar, Mario Fritz, Christophe Garcia, Tom Griffiths, Frederic Jurie, Thomas Keysers, Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, Diane Larlus, Bastian Leibe, Hongying Meng, Hermann Ney, Bernt Schiele, Cordelia Schmid, Edgar Seemann, John Shawe-Taylor, Amos Storkey, Sandor Szedmak, Bill Triggs, Ilkay Ulusoy, Ville Viitaniemi, and Jianguo Zhang. The 2005 PASCAL visual object classes challenge. In Joaquin Quinonero-Candela, Ido Dagan, Bernardo Magnini, and Florence d'Alche Buc, editors, Machine Learning Challenges. Evaluating Predictive Uncertainty, Visual Object Classification, and Recognizing Textual Entailment, volume 3944, pages 117–176. Springer, 2006.
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90Matti Aksela and Jorma Laaksonen. Using diversity of errors for selecting members of a committee classifier. Pattern Recognition, 39(4):608–623, 2006.
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2005

89Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Keyword-detection approach to automatic image annotation. In Proceedings of 2nd European Workshop on the Integration of Knowledge, Semantic and Digital Media Technologies (EWIMT 2005), pages 15–22, London, UK, November 2005.
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88Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, Mats Sjöberg, and Hannes Muurinen. PicSOM experiments in TRECVID 2005. In Proceedings of the TRECVID 2005 Workshop, pages 262–270, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, November 2005. Available online at http://www-nlpir.nist.gov/projects/tvpubs/tv.pubs.org.html.
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87Matthieu Molinier, Jorma Laaksonen, Jussi Ahola, and Tuomas Häme. Self-organizing map application for retrieval of man-made structures in remote sensing data. In Proceedings of ESA-EUSC 2005: Image Information Mining – Theory and Application to Earth Observation, Frascat, Italy, October 2005.
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86Mats Sjöberg and Jorma Laaksonen. Content-based retrieval of web pages and other hierarchical objects with Self-Organizing Maps. In Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN 2005), pages 841–846, Warsaw, Poland, September 2005. Available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11550907_133.
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85Zhirong Yang and Jorma Laaksonen. Partial relevance in interactive facial image retrieval. In Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Advances in Pattern Recognition (ICAPR 2005), pages 216–225, Bath, UK, August 2005.
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84Markus Koskela and Jorma Laaksonen. Semantic annotation of image groups with Self-Organizing Maps. In Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval (CIVR 2005), pages 518–527, Singapore, July 2005.
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83Jorma Laaksonen, Ville Viitaniemi, and Markus Koskela. Emergence of semantic concepts in visual databases. In Proceedings of International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Adaptive Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (AKRR 05), pages 127–134, Espoo, Finland, June 2005.
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82Jorma Laaksonen, Ville Viitaniemi, and Markus Koskela. Application of Self-Organizing Maps and automatic image segmentation to 101 object categories database. In Proceedings of Fourth International Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing (CBMI 2005), Riga, Latvia, June 2005.
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81Zhirong Yang and Jorma Laaksonen. Approximated classification in interactive facial image retrieval. In Proceedings of 14th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis (SCIA 2005), pages 770–779, Joensuu, Finland, June 2005.
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80Zhirong Yang and Jorma Laaksonen. Interactive retrieval in facial image database using Self-Organizing Maps. In Proceedings of IAPR Conference on Machine Vision Applications (MVA 2005), pages 112–115, Tsukuba Science City, Japan, May 2005.
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79Matti Aksela and Jorma Laaksonen. On adaptive confidences for critic-driven classifier combining. In Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Pattern Recognition, volume 2, pages 71–80, 2005.
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78Ram=unas Girdziušas and Jorma Laaksonen. Gaussian processes of nonlinear diffusion filtering. In Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pages 1012–1017. IEEE, 2005.
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77Ram=unas Girdziušas and Jorma Laaksonen. Jacobi alternative to Bayesian evidence maximization in diffusion filtering. In W. Duch, J. Kacprzyk, and E. Oja et al., editors, Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, volume 3697 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 247–252. Springer, 2005.
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76Ram=unas Girdziušas and Jorma Laaksonen. Optimal ratio of Lamé moduli with application to motion of Jupiter storms. In H. Kalviainen, J. Parkkinen, and A. Kaarna, editors, Proceedings of 14th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, volume 3540 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 1096–1106. Springer, 2005.
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75Ram=unas Girdziušas and Jorma Laaksonen. Use of input deformations with Brownian motion filters for discontinuous regression. In S. Singh, M. Singh, C. Apte, and P. Perner, editors, Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Advances in Pattern Recognition, volume 3686 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 219–228. Springer, 2005.
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74Ram=unas Girdziušas and Jorma Laaksonen. Optimal stopping and constraints for diffusion models of signals with discontinuities. In J. Gama, R. Camacho, P. Brazdil, A. Jorge, and L. Torgo, editors, Proceedings of 16th European Conference on Machine Learning, volume 3720 of Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, pages 576–583. Springer, 2005.
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2004

73Jorma Laaksonen, Markus Koskela, and Erkki Oja. Class distributions on SOM surfaces for feature extraction and object retrieval. Neural Networks, 17(8-9):1121–1133, October-November 2004.
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72Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. Entropy-based measures for clustering and SOM topology preservation applied to content-based image indexing and retrieval. In Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2004), volume 2, pages 1005–1008, Cambridge, UK, August 2004.
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71Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. Use of image subset features in image retrieval with self-organizing maps. In Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval (CIVR 2004), pages 508–516, Dublin, Ireland, July 2004.
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70Timo Ojala, Markus Koskela, Esa Matinmikko, Mika Rautiainen, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. Task-based user evaluation of content-based image database browsing systems. In Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval (CIVR 2004), pages 234–242, Dublin, Ireland, July 2004.
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69Ram=unas Girdziušas and Jorma Laaksonen. Gaussian process regression with fluid hyperpriors. In N. R. Pal, N. Kasabov, and R. K. Mudi et al., editors, Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, volume 3316 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 567–572. Springer, 2004.
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2003

68Jorma Laaksonen, Markus Koskela, and Erkki Oja. Probability interpretation of distributions on SOM surfaces. In Proceedings of Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps (WSOM'03), pages 77–82, Hibikino, Kitakyushu, Japan, September 2003.
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67Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Content-based browsing of mail-order catalogue with PicSOM system. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Distributed Multimedia Systems / The 2003 Conference on Visual Information Systems (VIS'2003), pages 381–386, Miami, FL, USA, September 2003.
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66Mika Rummukainen, Jorma Laaksonen, and Markus Koskela. An efficiency comparison of two content-based image retrieval systems, GIFT and PicSOM. In Proceedings of International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval (CIVR 2003), volume 2728, pages 500–509, Urbana, IL, USA, July 2003. Springer Verlag.
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65Mats Sjöberg, Jorma Laaksonen, and Ville Viitaniemi. Using image segments in PicSOM CBIR system. In Proceedings of 13th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis (SCIA 2003), volume 2749, pages 1106–1113, Halmstad, Sweden, June/July 2003. Springer Verlag. Available online at http://www.springerlink.com/content/65xgpgqc9cjquqcl/.
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64Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. Inter-query relevance learning in PicSOM for content-based image retrieval. In Supplementary Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks / 10th International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICANN/ICONIP 2003), pages 520–523, Istanbul, Turkey, June 2003.
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63Markus Koskela and Jorma Laaksonen. Using long-term learning to improve efficiency of content-based image retrieval. In Proceedings of Third International Workshop on Pattern Recognition in Information Systems (PRIS 2003), pages 72–79, Angers, France, April 2003.
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62Matti Aksela, Ram=unas Girdziušas, Jorma Laaksonen, Erkki Oja, and Jari Kangas. Methods for adaptive combination of classifiers with application to recognition of handwritten characters. International Journal of Document Analysis and Recognition, 6(1):23–41, 2003.
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2002

61Ville Viitaniemi and Jorma Laaksonen. Browsing an electronic mail-order catalogue with PicSOM content-based image retrieval system. In Proceedings of 10th Finnish Artificial Intelligence Conference (STEP 2002), pages 170–181, Oulu, Finland, December 2002.
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60Sami Brandt, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. Statistical shape features for content-based image retrieval. Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision, 17(2):187–198, September 2002.
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59Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. Using MPEG-7 descriptors in image retrieval with self-organizing maps. In Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, volume 2, pages 1049–1052, Quebec, Canada, August 2002.
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58Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. Implementing relevance feedback as convolutions of local neighborhoods on self-organizing maps. In Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, pages 981–986, Madrid, Spain, August 2002.
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57Vuokko Vuori and Jorma Laaksonen. A comparison of techniques for automatic clustering of handwritten characters. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, volume 3, pages 168–171, August 2002.
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56Matti Aksela, Ram=unas Girdziušas, Jorma Laaksonen, Erkki Oja, and Jari Kangas. Class-confidence critic combining. In Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, pages 201–206. IEEE Computer Society, August 2002.
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55Jorma Laaksonen, Markus Koskela, and Erkki Oja. PicSOM—Self-organizing image retrieval with MPEG-7 content descriptions. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Special Issue on Intelligent Multimedia Processing, 13(4):841–853, July 2002.
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54Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. MPEG-7 descriptors in content-based image retrieval with PicSOM system. In Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Visual Information System, pages 247–258, HsinChu, Taiwan, March 2002.
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53Vuokko Vuori, Jorma Laaksonen, and Jari Kangas. Influence of erroneous learning samples on adaptation in on-line handwriting recognition. Pattern Recognition, 35(4):915–925, 2002.
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2001

52Ram=unas Girdziušas and Jorma Laaksonen. Multilayer perceptron approach to non-rigid image matching. In Liming Zhang and Fanji Gu, editors, Proceedings of ICONIP2001, volume 1, pages 491–496, Sanghai, China, November 2001. Fudan University Press.
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51Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. Self-organizing image retrieval with MPEG-7 descriptors. In Proceedings of Infotech Oulu International Workshop on Information Retrieval, pages 151–160, Oulu, Finland, September 2001.
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50Matti Aksela, Jorma Laaksonen, Erkki Oja, and Jari Kangas. Rejection methods for an adaptive committee classifier. In Proceedings of ICDAR'01, pages 982–986, Seattle, USA, September 2001.
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49Vuokko Vuori, Jorma Laaksonen, Erkki Oja, and Jari Kangas. Speeding up on-line recognition of handwritten characters by pruning the prototype set. In Proceedings of ICDAR'01, volume I, pages 501–505, Seattle, USA, September 2001.
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48Jorma Laaksonen, Markus Koskela, Sami Laakso, and Erkki Oja. Self-organizing maps as a relevance feedback technique in content-based image retrieval. Pattern Analysis & Applications, 4(2+3):140–152, June 2001.
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47Sami Laakso, Jorma Laaksonen, Markus Koskela, and Erkki Oja. Self-organizing maps of web link information. In Nigel Allinson, Hujun Yin, Lesley Allinson, and Jon Slack, editors, Advances in Self-Organising Maps, pages 146–151, Lincoln, England, June 2001. Springer.
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46Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. Comparison of techniques for content-based image retrieval. In Proceedings of 12th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis (SCIA 2001), pages 579–586, Bergen, Norway, June 2001.
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45Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. PicSOM content-based image retrieval system - comparison of techniques. In Proceedings of 3rd European Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services, pages 89–94, Tampere, Finland, May 2001.
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44Vuokko Vuori, Jorma Laaksonen, Erkki Oja, and Jari Kangas. Experiments with adaptation strategies for a prototype-based recognition system of isolated handwritten characters. International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition, 3(3):150–159, March 2001.
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43Matti Aksela, Jorma Laaksonen, Erkki Oja, and Jari Kangas. Application of adaptive committee classifiers in on-line character recognition. In Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Advances in Pattern Recognition 2001, pages 270–279, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2001.
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2000

42Jorma Laaksonen, Markus Koskela, Sami Laakso, and Erkki Oja. PicSOM – Content-based image retrieval with self-organizing maps. Pattern Recognition Letters, 21(13-14):1199–1207, December 2000.
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41Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, Sami Laakso, and Erkki Oja. Evaluating the performance of content-based image retrieval systems. In Fourth International Conference on Visual Information Systems (VISual 2000), pages 430–441, Lyon, France, November 2000. Springer-Verlag.
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40Jorma Laaksonen, Erkki Oja, Markus Koskela, and Sami Brandt. Analyzing low-level visual features using content-based image retrieval. In Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Neural Information Processing (ICONIP 2000), volume 2, pages 1333–1338, Taejon, Korea, November 2000.
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39Sami Brandt, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. Statistical shape features in content-based image retrieval. In Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, volume 2, pages 1066–1069, Barcelona, Spain, September 2000.
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38Vuokko Vuori, Jorma Laaksonen, Erkki Oja, and Jari Kangas. Controlling on-line adaptation of a prototype-based classifier for handwritten characters. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, volume 2, pages 331–334, September 2000.
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37Vuokko Vuori, Matti Aksela, Jorma Laaksonen, Erkki Oja, and Jari Kangas. Adaptive character recognizer for a hand-held device: implementation and evaluation setup. In L. R. B. Schomaker and L. G. Vuurpijl, editors, Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, pages 13–22, Amsterdam, September 2000. Nijmegen: International Unipen Foundation. ISBN 90-76942-01-3.
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36Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, Sami Laakso, and Erkki Oja. Content-based image indexing and retrieval: The PicSOM system. In The 9th Finnish Artificial Intelligence Conference (STeP 2000). 'AI of Tomorrow': Symposium on Theory, pages 219–226, Espoo, Finland, August 2000.
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35Markus Koskela, Jorma Laaksonen, Sami Laakso, and Erkki Oja. The PicSOM retrieval system: Description and evaluations. In John P. Eakins and Peter G. B. Enser, editors, Proceedings of Challenge of Image Retrieval 2000, Brighton, UK, May 2000.
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1999

34Jorma Laaksonen, Markus Koskela, and Erkki Oja. Application of tree structured self-organizing maps in content-based image retrieval. In Ninth International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN99), pages 174–179, Edinburgh, UK, September 1999.
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33Vuokko Vuori, Jorma Laaksonen, Erkki Oja, and Jari Kangas. On-line adaptation in recognition of handwritten alphanumeric characters. In Proceedings of ICDAR'99, pages 792–795, Bangalore, India, September 1999.
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32Jorma Laaksonen, Matti Aksela, Erkki Oja, and Jari Kangas. Dynamically Expanding Context as committee adaptation method in on-line recognition of handwritten latin characters. In Proceedings of ICDAR'99, pages 796–799, Bangalore, India, September 1999.
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31Jorma Laaksonen, Markus Koskela, and Erkki Oja. PicSOM: Self-organizing maps for content-based image retrieval. In 1999 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN'99), pages 2470–2473, Washington, DC, July 1999.
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30Jorma Laaksonen, Matti Aksela, Erkki Oja, and Jari Kangas. Adaptive local subspace classifier in on-line recognition of handwritten character. In Proceedings of IJCNN'99, Washington, D.C., July 1999.
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29Jorma Laaksonen, Markus Koskela, and Erkki Oja. PicSOM - a framework for content-based image database retrieval using self-organizing maps. In 11th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis (SCIA99), pages 151–156, Kangerlussuaq, Greenland, June 1999.
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28Jorma Laaksonen, Markus Koskela, and Erkki Oja. Content-based image retrieval using self-organizing maps. In Third International Conference on Visual Information Systems (VISual'99), pages 541–548, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 1999. Springer-Verlag.
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27Erkki Oja, Jorma Laaksonen, Markus Koskela, and Sami Brandt. Self-organizing maps for content-based image retrieval. In Erkki Oja and Samuel Kaski, editors, Kohonen Maps, pages 349–362. Elsevier, 1999.
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26Jorma Laaksonen, Vuokko Vuori, Erkki Oja, and Jari Kangas. Adaptation of prototype sets in on-line recognition of isolated handwritten Latin characters. In Seong-Whan Lee, editor, Advances in Handwriting Recognition, pages 489–497. World Scientific Publishing, 1999.
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1998

25Jorma Laaksonen, Jarmo Hurri, Erkki Oja, and Jari Kangas. Comparison of adaptive strategies for on-line character recognition. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Neural Networks, volume 1, pages 245–250, Skövde, Sweden, September 1998.
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24Jorma Laaksonen, Jarmo Hurri, Erkki Oja, and Jari Kangas. Experiments with a self-supervised adaptive classification strategy in on-line recognition of isolated handwritten Latin characters. In Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Frontiers of Handwriting Recognition, pages 475–484, Taejon, Korea, August 1998.
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23Jorma Laaksonen and Erkki Oja. Learning subspace classifiers and error-corrective feature extraction. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, 12(4):423–436, June 1998.
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22Jouko Lampinen, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. Pattern recognition. In Cornelius T. Leondes, editor, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, volume 5 of Neural Network Systems Techniques and Applications. Academic Press, 1998.
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1997

21Jorma Laaksonen. Local subspace classifier. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, pages 637–642, Lausanne, Switzerland, October 1997.
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20Jorma Laaksonen. Local subspace classifier and local subspace SOM. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps, pages 32–37, Otaniemi, Finland, June 1997.
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19Jorma Laaksonen and Erkki Oja. Density function interpretation of subspace classification methods. In Proceedings of the 10th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis, volume 1, pages 487–492, Lappeenranta, Finland, June 1997.
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18Jorma Laaksonen and Erkki Oja. Error-corrective feature extraction in handwritten digit recognition. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Applications of Neural Networks, pages 37–40, Stockholm, Sweden, June 1997.
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17Jouko Lampinen, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. Neural network systems, techniques and applications in pattern recognition. Technical report, Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Computational Engineering, 1997.
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16Jorma Laaksonen. Subspace Classifiers in Recognition of Handwritten Digits. PhD thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, 1997.
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See lib.tkk.fi ...
15Lasse Holmström, Petri Koistinen, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. Neural and statistical classifiers – taxonomy and two case studies. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 8(1):5–17, January 1997.
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1996

14Jorma Laaksonen and Erkki Oja. Classification with learning -nearest neighbors. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Neural Networks, volume 3, pages 1480–1483, Washington D.C., June 1996.
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13Teuvo Kohonen, Jussi Hynninen, Jari Kangas, Jorma Laaksonen, and Kari Torkkola. LVQ_PAK: The Learning Vector Quantization program package. Report A30, Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Computer and Information Science, January 1996.
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12Teuvo Kohonen, Jussi Hynninen, Jari Kangas, and Jorma Laaksonen. SOM_PAK: The Self-Organizing Map program package. Report A31, Helsinki University of Technology, Laboratory of Computer and Information Science, January 1996.
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11Lasse Holmström, Petri Koistinen, Jorma Laaksonen, and Erkki Oja. Comparison of neural and statistical classifiers – theory and practice. Technical Report A13, Rolf Nevanlinna Institute, Helsinki, January 1996.
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10Jorma Laaksonen and Erkki Oja. Subspace dimension selection and averaged learning subspace method in handwritten digit classification. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, pages 227–232, Bochum, Germany, 1996.
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1994

9Jorma Laaksonen, Timo Pietilä, Alpo Värri, Pekka Loula, Simo Vapaakoski, and Harry Frey. A seizure and spike detector and EEG browser for a PC with a signal processor card. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Cleveland Clinic – Bethel Epilepsy Symposium, May 1994. (abstract).
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8Jorma Laaksonen, Timo Pietilä, Harry Frey, and Unto Nousiainen. A library of EEG recordings with annotation of epileptic phenomena by consensus of two experts. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Cleveland Clinic – Bethel Epilepsy Symposium, May 1994. (abstract).
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1992

7Teuvo Kohonen, Jari Kangas, Jorma Laaksonen, and Kari Torkkola. LVQ_PAK: A program package for the correct application of Learning Vector Quantization algorithms. In Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pages I 725–730, Baltimore, June 1992. IEEE.
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6Teuvo Kohonen, Jari Kangas, Jorma Laaksonen, and Kari Torkkola. LVQ_PAK: A program package for the correct application of Learning Vector Quantization algorithms. In STeP – Finnish Artificial Intelligence Symposium Proceedings, Espoo, June 1992. Suomen Tekoälyseura.
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1991

5Jorma Laaksonen. A new reliability-based phoneme segmentation method for the neural phonetic typewriter. In Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech91), volume 1, pages 97–100, Genova, Italy, September 23-26 1991.
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4Jorma Laaksonen. Oppivat aliavaruusmenetelmät spektri- ja kepstripohjaisessa foneemitunnistuksessa. Licentiate's thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland, 1991. (in Finnish).
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1990

3Jari Kangas, Teuvo Kohonen, and Jorma Laaksonen. Variants of Self-Organizing Maps. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 1(1):93–99, 1990.
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2Jorma Laaksonen. Segmentointimenetelmä Otaniemen puheentunnistusjärjestelmään. Master's thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, 1990. (in Finnish).
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1989

1Jari Kangas, Teuvo Kohonen, Jorma Laaksonen, Olli Simula, and Olli Ventä. Variants of self-organizing maps. In Proc. IJCNN'89, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, volume II, pages 517–522, Piscataway, NJ, 1989. IEEE Service Center.
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